Verdi


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Inchoation On October 10, 1813, Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi was born in Roncole near Busseto, in the plains of Italian Parma. The parish church registers of Le Roncole recorded his birth at 8 pm on October 10, 1813, but he celebrated his birthday on the 9th on his mother�s insistence. For a long time there was confusion about his birth date as his mother always told him that he was born on October 9, 1814. It was only in 1876 that he confirmed his birth date from the church records, but nevertheless celebrated his birthday on the wrong date, for the rest of his life. Roncole was a hamlet with a number of scattered houses and a church at the corner of a well-known street. Verdi�s father Carlo Giuseppe Verdi kept a tavern of sorts and sold wine and groceries. Verdi�s mother Luigia was hard working, courageous, sensible and dignified; it was from her that Verdi inherited his best qualities. Verdi�s boyhood was surrounded by societal upheavals. In 1814, Australian and Russian armies began to evict French out of North Italy. A group of Russians passed through Roncole, looting, raping and killing inhabitants including women who took shelter in the church. Verdi�s mother saved herself and her child by hiding in the belfry. MUSICAL CREATIONS Operas and Other Compositions Anni di Galera : 1839-1850 Oberto, Conte di San Bonifacio, Milan : November 17, 1839 Un Giorno di Regno, Milan : September 3, 1840 Nabucco, Milan : March 9, 1842 I Lombardi alla Prima, Crociata, Milan : February 1, 1843 Ernani, Venice : March 9, 1844 I Due Foscari, Rome : November 3, 1844 Giovanna d'Arco, Milan : February 15, 1845 Alzira, Naples : August 12, 1845 Attila, Venice : March 17, 1846 Macbeth, Florence : March 14, 1847 I Masnadieri, London : July 22, 1847 J�rusalem, Paris : November 22, 1847 Il Corsaro Trieste : October 25, 1848 La Battaglia di Legnano, Rome : January 27, 1849 Luisa Miller, Naples : December 8, 1849 Stiffelio Trieste : October 16, 1850 Middle Period 1851-1862 Rigoletto, Venice : March 11, 1851 Il Trovatore, Rome : January 19, 1853 La Traviata, Venice : March 6, 1853 Les V�pres Siciliennes, Paris : June 13, 1855 Simon Boccanegra, Venice : March 12, 1857 Aroldo, Rimini : August 16, 1857 Un Ballo in Maschera, Rome : February 17, 1859 La Forza del Destino, St. Petersburg : November 10, 1862 Last Quartet 1867-1893 Don Carlos, Paris : March 11, 1867 Aida, Cairo : December 24, 1871 Othello, Milan : February 5, 1887 Falstaff, Milan : February 9, 1893 Various Compositions Tantum Ergo for tenor and orchestra : 1836 Sei romanze song cycle : published in 1838 Sei romanze song cycle : published in 1845 Various Other Art Songs (1839-1869) Suona la tromba for 3-part male chorus and orchestra : 1848 Inno delle nazioni : 1862 Romanza senza parole for piano, published : 1865 Stornello for Album Piave, : published in 1869 Libera me for soprano, chorus and orchestra (for Messa per Rossini) : 1869 String Quartet in E minor composed in 1873 and published in 1876 Messa da Requiem : 1874 Ave Maria for soprano and string orchestra : 1879-80 Pater Noster for 5-part unaccompanied chorus : 1879-80 Piet�, Signor! for tenor and piano : 1894 Quattro pezzi sacri composed in 1887-97, published in 1897-98 BOOKS The story of Giuseppe Verdi Gabriele Baldini with Roger Parker (Ed.) Cambridge University Press 1980 Verdi with a Vengeance An Energetic Guide to the Life and Complete Works of the King Of Opera William Berger Vintage Books 2000 Verdi Julian Budden Dent 1985 | Vintage Books 1987 | Schirmer Books 1996 The Operas of Verdi Vol. 1 From Oberto to Rigoletto Julian Budden Oxford University Press 1978/revised version paperback 1992 The Operas of Verdi Vol. 2 From Il Trovatore to La Forza del Destino Julian Budden Oxford University Press 1979/revised version paperback 1992 The Operas of Verdi Vol. 3 From Don Carlos to Falstaff Julian Budden Oxford University Press 1981/revised version paperback 1992 Verdi's Aida The History of an Opera in Letters and Documents Collected and translated by Hans Busch University of Minnesota Press 1978 Verdi's Otello and Simon Boccanegra (revised version) in Letters and Documents Vol.I Letters and Telegrams Vol.II Documents Hans Busch (Ed.) Oxford University Press 1988 Verdi's Middle Period Source Studies, Analysis, and Performance Practice Martin Chusid (Ed.) University of Chicago Press 1998 The Verdi-Boito Correspondence Marcello Conati, Mario Medici (Eds.) University of Chicago Press 1994 The Work of Giuseppe Verdi Philip Gossett University of Chicago Press 1992 Falstaff James A. Hepokoski Cambridge University Press 1983 Othello James A. Hepokoski Cambridge University Press 1987 Aspects of Verdi George Martin Dodd, Mead 1988 | Limelight Editions 1993 The Complete Operas of Verdi Charles Osborne Victor Gollancz 1969 | Gollancz Paperbacks 1985 | Da Capo 1988 Verdi A Biography Mary Jane Phillips-Matz Oxford University Press 1993 The Life of Verdi John Rosselli Cambridge University Press 2000 Giuseppe Verdi: His Life and Works Francis Toye Heinemann 1931 | Vienna House 1972 | Horizon Press 1983 The Man Verdi Frank Walker Dent 1962 | University of Chicago Press 1983 (out of print) Seven Verdi Librettos With the Original Italian William Weaver Norton 1977 The Verdi Companion William Weaver and Martin Chusid (Eds.) Norton 1988 Verdi A Documentary Study William Weaver Thames & Hudson, London, 1977 (out of print)

From barcarole to serenta; With a swirling touch the contrapunto becomes a sonorous, histrionic euphony. The artiste becomes the farcist Then retires a heavy tragedian. The subterfuge, the tacturnity, the ambush, The opera becomes a dramatic symphony That�s his mystery, his magnificence. Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi, one of the great music composers of the 19th century dominated Italian opera for over 30 years. His music was under continual experimentation and refinement. No composer ever before, had such variety, profundity and vivacity as Verdi had in depicting the characters in his opera. Rigoletto was an evil jester and loving father; Amneris of Aida was self-destructive; Leonora of Trovatore was passionate; Leonora of Forza was tormented and Lady Macbeth was truly Shakespeare�s Lady Macbeth. His music could move rapidly and gently; it could be powerful and subtle at the same time. He handled various themes which were novel to the opera. Generations of admirers, the world over have adored Verdi�s compositions.

October 10, 1813 Verdi was born. 1823 He was admitted to the Ginnasio at Busseto. 1831 He began to live with Antonio Barezzi.Began his study under Lavigna. 1836 Verdi appointed maestro to the commune of Busseto.Verdi marries Margherita Barezzi. 1838 to 1840 Death of children (Virginia and Icilio) and wife Margherita.Meets Giuseppina Strepponi for the first time. 1845 Verdi becomes the hero of Italian Music. 1859 Married Giuseppina in Geneva. 1869 Involved in love affair with Teresa Stolz. 1897 Giuseppina Strepponi�s death. January 27, 1901 Verdi�s death.


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You may have the universe if I may have Italy. I adore art . . . when I am alone with my notes, my heart pounds and the tears stream from my eyes, and my emotion and my joys are too much to bear. Our mistake, you see, was to write interminable large operas, which had to fill an entire evening . . . And now along comes someone with a one- or two-act opera without all that pompous nonsense . . . that was a happy reform. They were all churning out operas of mine. It was clearly impossible for me to work under such conditions, so I hired the organs from their owners. It will cost me about 1,500 lire for the summer, but that is not too large a price to pay for peace. Oh blessed a thousand times the peasant who is born, eats and dies without anybody bothering about his affairs.


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