Biography Category
Name :
Granville Stanley Hall
Date :
Views :
4051
Category :
Birth Date :
01/02/1844
Birth Place :
Ashfield, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Death Date :
April 24, 1924
[b]Hall at New York[/b][br /]
[br /]
With a degree in philosophy, he went to the Union Theological Seminary in New York City. He was so much the philosopher and so little the theologist, that after his trial sermon, the member of the faculty whose custom it was to criticize and also despair in further criticism, would kneel and pray for his soul upon his death. Meanwhile, in New York Granville Stanley Hall developed an association with a distinguished congregational minister of the Plymouth Church of Brooklyn, Mr. Henry Ward Beecher. Beecher advised him to go to Germany to study German Philosophy. Henry Beecher had provided Hall (for the financial need for learning in Germany) with a recommendation letter to be presented to Henry W. Sage. Sage was a merchant by profession and also one of Cornell University’s principal benefactors.[br /]
[br /]
[b]Hall at Germany[/b][br /]
[br /]
Hall left the Seminary, in the spring of 1889 to study philosophy in Germany. Although Hall left for Bonn, he soon settled in Berlin, enrolling in the philosophy faculty of its University. In Berlin, Hall was particularly impressed by the great Trendelenburg (the man who made an Aristotelian of Brentano) and here he also joined the Bois Reymond’s course in physiology. When he ran out of money, Hall had no option but to return to the Union for his degree. However, Hall’s intentions were to utilize the knowledge he would acquire in Germany to teach philosophy.[br /]
[br /]
[b]Return to New York[/b][br /]
[br /]
Hall returned to New York and obtained a degree in Divinity. He was a preacher for 14 weeks in a little country church and there after he was a tutor in a private family. He would blame his unorthodoxy for his numerous rejections for the philosophical posts, to which he applied at various colleges and Universities that he was rejected. The future course of his life was anything but clear. Although Hall did not begin a University career, until James K. Hosmer (a scholar of literature with whom Hall had established an acquaintance in Berlin) contacted him in New York to arrange for Hall to assume his work in rhetoric and English literature at Antioch College.[br /]
[br /]
[br /]
[br /]
With a degree in philosophy, he went to the Union Theological Seminary in New York City. He was so much the philosopher and so little the theologist, that after his trial sermon, the member of the faculty whose custom it was to criticize and also despair in further criticism, would kneel and pray for his soul upon his death. Meanwhile, in New York Granville Stanley Hall developed an association with a distinguished congregational minister of the Plymouth Church of Brooklyn, Mr. Henry Ward Beecher. Beecher advised him to go to Germany to study German Philosophy. Henry Beecher had provided Hall (for the financial need for learning in Germany) with a recommendation letter to be presented to Henry W. Sage. Sage was a merchant by profession and also one of Cornell University’s principal benefactors.[br /]
[br /]
[b]Hall at Germany[/b][br /]
[br /]
Hall left the Seminary, in the spring of 1889 to study philosophy in Germany. Although Hall left for Bonn, he soon settled in Berlin, enrolling in the philosophy faculty of its University. In Berlin, Hall was particularly impressed by the great Trendelenburg (the man who made an Aristotelian of Brentano) and here he also joined the Bois Reymond’s course in physiology. When he ran out of money, Hall had no option but to return to the Union for his degree. However, Hall’s intentions were to utilize the knowledge he would acquire in Germany to teach philosophy.[br /]
[br /]
[b]Return to New York[/b][br /]
[br /]
Hall returned to New York and obtained a degree in Divinity. He was a preacher for 14 weeks in a little country church and there after he was a tutor in a private family. He would blame his unorthodoxy for his numerous rejections for the philosophical posts, to which he applied at various colleges and Universities that he was rejected. The future course of his life was anything but clear. Although Hall did not begin a University career, until James K. Hosmer (a scholar of literature with whom Hall had established an acquaintance in Berlin) contacted him in New York to arrange for Hall to assume his work in rhetoric and English literature at Antioch College.[br /]
[br /]
[br /]
Granville Stanley Hall was born on February 1, 1844 at a farm at Ashfield village near Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. He was one of the few psychologists who gave early impetus and direction to the development of psychology in the United States.[br /]
[br /]
[b]His early Life[/b][br /]
[br /]
Hall descended from a line of congregational Protestants stemming from John Alden. He came from a family of limited means who found the congregational church their social pivotal point. He passed his youth at Ashfield, Massachusetts attending the country school. He spent his boyhood in isolation, for he was already beginning to develop intense interests one after the other, but found no sympathy among his natural peer-group. Quite early in life Hall revolted against becoming a farmer, a profession much sought after then.[br /]
[br /]
[b]His Education[/b][br /]
[br /]
Granville Stanley Hall did not wish to be a farmer and finally at his mother’s behest and against his father’s wishes, decided to join college to prepare for the ministry. It was a time in Ashfield that appeared to be the most auspicious of the learned professions.
Hall went away to a seminary for further studies. He also taught The Theological School for a term in Ashfield and later entered Williams College in 1863.[br /]
[br /]
[b]His College Education[/b][br /]
[br /]
Hall entered Williams College in 1863 and graduated with philosophy in 1867 – one of the major avenues available at the time to join the clerical profession at Union Theological Seminary. It was at this Seminary that his thoughts turned to a career as a professor of philosophy. [br /]
[br /]
[b]Hall at New York[/b][br /]
[br /]
With a degree in philosophy, he went to the Union Theological Seminary in New York City. He was so much the philosopher and so little the theologist, that after his trial sermon, the member of the faculty whose custom it was to criticize and also despair in further criticism, would kneel and pray for his soul upon his death. Meanwhile, in New York Granville Stanley Hall developed an association with a distinguished congregational minister of the Plymouth Church of Brooklyn, Mr. Henry Ward Beecher. Beecher advised him to go to Germany to study German Philosophy. Henry Beecher had provided Hall (for the financial need for learning in Germany) with a recommendation letter to be presented to Henry W. Sage. Sage was a merchant by profession and also one of Cornell University’s principal benefactors.[br /]
[br /]
[b]Hall at Germany[/b][br /]
[br /]
Hall left the Seminary, in the spring of 1889 to study philosophy in Germany. Although Hall left for Bonn, he soon settled in Berlin, enrolling in the philosophy faculty of its University. In Berlin, Hall was particularly impressed by the great Trendelenburg (the man who made an Aristotelian of Brentano) and here he also joined the Bois Reymond’s course in physiology. When he ran out of money, Hall had no option but to return to the Union for his degree. However, Hall’s intentions were to utilize the knowledge he would acquire in Germany to teach philosophy.[br /]
[br /]
[b]Return to New York[/b][br /]
[br /]
Hall returned to New York and obtained a degree in Divinity. He was a preacher for 14 weeks in a little country church and there after he was a tutor in a private family. He would blame his unorthodoxy for his numerous rejections for the philosophical posts, to which he applied at various colleges and Universities that he was rejected. The future course of his life was anything but clear. Although Hall did not begin a University career, until James K. Hosmer (a scholar of literature with whom Hall had established an acquaintance in Berlin) contacted him in New York to arrange for Hall to assume his work in rhetoric and English literature at Antioch College.[br /]
[br /]
At Antioch College, Hosmer’s father was the president. Hall seized the opportunity and shortly secured a professorship at Antioch College in Western Ohio. Here, Hall taught at different times English, Modern Languages and Philosophy. In Ohio, Hall remained for four years and attained full professorship in mental philosophy and English literature.[br /]
[br /]
[b]Hall at Harvard [/b][br /]
[br /]
Hall realized that his career at Antioch College was not being led in the direction of philosophy as his metier, but the appearance in 1874 of Wundt’s Physiological – Psychologie channalized his interest towards new psychology. Hall left in 1876 for the intellectual center, Cambridge, Massachusetts to join Harvard University. Here he attended lectures of William James, who was assistant professor of physiology. William James was two years elder to Hall. He prevailed upon the college authorities to permit him to offer physiological psychology for the first time in America. William James made arrangement for Hall to attend lectures later in an undergraduate course in physiological psychology along with Henry P. Bowditch and was credited for having established the first physiological laboratory in America. Hall was permitted to use the physiological laboratory for his research work.[br /]
[br /]
In 1872, Harvard University provided for the Ph. D. degree in the new psychology and Granville Stanley Hall was the first in the United States to receive the degree in 1878. In order to finance his studies at Harvard where he wanted to complete his Ph.D., Hall taught English at Harvard while he was employed in the department of philosophy. Hall achieved his doctorate with a dissertation on the muscular perception of space. Hall believed that through muscular sense he had uncovered the mind–matter relationship. No doubt, his theory was grounded on the doctrine of evolution. Hall argued that the psychic evolvement from a muscle to nerve fibres is due to the organic evolution of life.[br /]
[br /]
[b]His second Journey to Germany[/b][br /]
[br /]
After receiving the doctorate degree in new psychology in 1878, Hall went to Germany as per his original plans. Hall first went to Berlin where he worked with Von Kries and Kronecker. Then he went to Leipzig. There Gustav Fechner was his neighbor. He studied physiology in Ludwig’s laboratory and became Wundt’s first American student in the year of the founding of the Leipzig laboratory for experimental psychology. He began to believe that philosophy and psychology were interrelated. [br /]
[br /]
[b]Hall’s Marriage[/b][br /]
[br /]
While in Germany, Granville Stanley Hall met a young lady, Cornelia Fisher, a couple of years his junior. She was studying arts in Europe. Hall married her in the fall of 1879 in Berlin at the age of 35.[br /]
[br /]
[b]Hall at Johns Hopkins[/b][br /]
[br /]
In 1881, Hall was invited to lecture at the new University named, Johns Hopkins University. (Johns Hopkins newly found in 1876 as a graduate school). Its first president was Daniel Coit Gilman. Hall was successful in his lectures at Johns Hopkins and was given a lectureship in new psychology in 1882. The psychology lectures fructified into a three-year appointment as a lecturer in psychology and pedagogues in the department of philosophy.[br /]
[br /]
[b]Professorship[/b][br /]
[br /]
At Johns Hopkins University, Hall’s colleagues were Charles Sanders Pierce Coiner,[br /]
[br /]
the father of pragmatism and George S. Morris, a cherished friend of Hall. There was no full time professor in the department owing to the University’s inability to find one with qualified distinction. All three lecturers vied for the top position and Pierce got the assignment. However, he was not re-appointed in 1884 because of his hostile personality. Hall, then requested President Gilman to dissolve his contract if necessary. In a way Hall’s strategy worked and President Gilman announced Hall’s appointment in the spring of 1884 as the professor of psychology and pedagogy. Thus Hall at the age of 40 obtained his first permanent professional appointment and for this appointment he received a salary of $ 4,000. During his tenure at Johns Hopkins, he formed a group of young men who were later to become famous psychologists. Notable among them were John Dewey, James Mckeen Cattell, H. H. Donaldson, E. C. Sanford, Joseph Jastrow, and W. H. Burnham among others.[br /]
[br /]
In 1887, Hall founded the American Journal of Psychology, which was the first psychological journal in America. Professor Boring said, "Hall’s scientific research, including the establishment of the first American psychology laboratory demonstrated his pre-eminence in both the fields." Yet a seemingly insignificant incident occurred between Daniel Coit Gilman and Hall which Hall recounted throughout his life. Gilman prohibited Hall from offering "a course in the history of University and learned Societies." Hall firmly believed that such course was "an essential part of the work of pedagogy." But Gilman had rejected Hall’s "earnest wish."[br /]
[br /]
Hall thought Gilman’s possible lack of confidence in his ability or fear of internal criticism on part of his administration was possibly the reason. Ultimately, after leaving his Hopkins faculty position, Hall’s frustrated and repressed desire led him not only to the course’s offering at Clark University but also to do much more. [br /]
[br /]
[b]Hall at Clark University[/b][br /]
[br /]
Hall’s ambitions soared for psychology. The emphasis that he lent the discipline in the formative years contributed considerably to its development as a science. [br /]
[br /]
In 1887, Jonas Gilman Clark, a wealthy retired Massachusetts businessman, decided to start an institution in higher education at Worcester. He wanted to educate young men with advanced knowledge along the line of Harvard and the Johns Hopkins Universities. Hall was successful at Johns Hopkins but his frustrated desire led not only to the course’s offering at Clark University but also to become its first President.[br /]
[br /]
The newly opened Clark University offered graduate education in five different subjects : mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology and psychology. The faculty offered courses leading to doctorate in all five areas during the first year of the inception of the University. The authority of Clark University further authorized Hall to appoint the best of professors for various departments. Hall appointed his finest students. Sanford was appointed to direct the Clark laboratory of psychology, William Burnham to undertake educational psychology and Donaldson for physiological psychology.[br /]
[br /]
Clark University became a famous graduate school and to match up the levels of Harvard, posing stiff competition among them. Ross wrote for the faculty of Clark University as under :[br /]
[br /]
"The University opened with 18 members of faculty grade and 34 students of this group of 52 scholars, 15 had studied or taught at Johns Hopkins University, 19 had done graduate work at European Universities and 12 scholars on the faculty already held Ph. D. degrees.
As a group they were uniquely well trained for and dedicated to scientific research.[br /]
[br /]
Hall as a president continued his administrative duties as well as professorship of psychology. Moreover, he also offered educational courses and Monday evening seminars within the graduate Department of Psychology. Hall established the psychological laboratory at Clark in 1889 with E. C. Sanford as its director. Hall also appointed the noted German born American anthropologist and ethnologist Franz Boas to the department of anthropology and aimed to make it the most prestigious department of new psychology in the country. [br /]
[br /]
The American Journal of Psychology came into the picture with Hall’s initiative. In 1891, he also established the Pedagogical Seminary, now known as The Journal of Genetic Psychology. The second psychological journal in America, The American Psychological Association was planned in 1892 at a conference in Hall’s study and published later in 1893 with Hall as its first president. In 1804, he also started the Journal of Religious Psychology, which however went out of publication after a decade of circulation.[br /]
[br /]
Hall also attempted to organize an institute for child study around 1909, but due to lack of sufficient funds, Hall’s dream remained unfulfilled.[br /]
[br /]
In 1915, he established the Journal of Applied Psychology. In 1924, Hall was again elected the second time as president of the American Psychological Association.[br /]
[br /]
After a 31-year tenure as president of Clark, Hall retired from active service in 1920. In order to vindicate himself, Hall undertook the task of publishing his autobiography published as Life and Confessions of a Psychologist, in 1923. The sole purpose of bringing it out was to ventilate a "long-repressed impulse to tell the inside story of the early days at Clark University and to correct, so far as I could before I die, the long injustice to done me".[br /]
[br /]
Granville Stanley Hall died on April 24, 1924 at the age of 80, at Worcester, Massachusetts.[br /]
[br /]
[br /]
[br /]
[b]His early Life[/b][br /]
[br /]
Hall descended from a line of congregational Protestants stemming from John Alden. He came from a family of limited means who found the congregational church their social pivotal point. He passed his youth at Ashfield, Massachusetts attending the country school. He spent his boyhood in isolation, for he was already beginning to develop intense interests one after the other, but found no sympathy among his natural peer-group. Quite early in life Hall revolted against becoming a farmer, a profession much sought after then.[br /]
[br /]
[b]His Education[/b][br /]
[br /]
Granville Stanley Hall did not wish to be a farmer and finally at his mother’s behest and against his father’s wishes, decided to join college to prepare for the ministry. It was a time in Ashfield that appeared to be the most auspicious of the learned professions.
Hall went away to a seminary for further studies. He also taught The Theological School for a term in Ashfield and later entered Williams College in 1863.[br /]
[br /]
[b]His College Education[/b][br /]
[br /]
Hall entered Williams College in 1863 and graduated with philosophy in 1867 – one of the major avenues available at the time to join the clerical profession at Union Theological Seminary. It was at this Seminary that his thoughts turned to a career as a professor of philosophy. [br /]
[br /]
[b]Hall at New York[/b][br /]
[br /]
With a degree in philosophy, he went to the Union Theological Seminary in New York City. He was so much the philosopher and so little the theologist, that after his trial sermon, the member of the faculty whose custom it was to criticize and also despair in further criticism, would kneel and pray for his soul upon his death. Meanwhile, in New York Granville Stanley Hall developed an association with a distinguished congregational minister of the Plymouth Church of Brooklyn, Mr. Henry Ward Beecher. Beecher advised him to go to Germany to study German Philosophy. Henry Beecher had provided Hall (for the financial need for learning in Germany) with a recommendation letter to be presented to Henry W. Sage. Sage was a merchant by profession and also one of Cornell University’s principal benefactors.[br /]
[br /]
[b]Hall at Germany[/b][br /]
[br /]
Hall left the Seminary, in the spring of 1889 to study philosophy in Germany. Although Hall left for Bonn, he soon settled in Berlin, enrolling in the philosophy faculty of its University. In Berlin, Hall was particularly impressed by the great Trendelenburg (the man who made an Aristotelian of Brentano) and here he also joined the Bois Reymond’s course in physiology. When he ran out of money, Hall had no option but to return to the Union for his degree. However, Hall’s intentions were to utilize the knowledge he would acquire in Germany to teach philosophy.[br /]
[br /]
[b]Return to New York[/b][br /]
[br /]
Hall returned to New York and obtained a degree in Divinity. He was a preacher for 14 weeks in a little country church and there after he was a tutor in a private family. He would blame his unorthodoxy for his numerous rejections for the philosophical posts, to which he applied at various colleges and Universities that he was rejected. The future course of his life was anything but clear. Although Hall did not begin a University career, until James K. Hosmer (a scholar of literature with whom Hall had established an acquaintance in Berlin) contacted him in New York to arrange for Hall to assume his work in rhetoric and English literature at Antioch College.[br /]
[br /]
At Antioch College, Hosmer’s father was the president. Hall seized the opportunity and shortly secured a professorship at Antioch College in Western Ohio. Here, Hall taught at different times English, Modern Languages and Philosophy. In Ohio, Hall remained for four years and attained full professorship in mental philosophy and English literature.[br /]
[br /]
[b]Hall at Harvard [/b][br /]
[br /]
Hall realized that his career at Antioch College was not being led in the direction of philosophy as his metier, but the appearance in 1874 of Wundt’s Physiological – Psychologie channalized his interest towards new psychology. Hall left in 1876 for the intellectual center, Cambridge, Massachusetts to join Harvard University. Here he attended lectures of William James, who was assistant professor of physiology. William James was two years elder to Hall. He prevailed upon the college authorities to permit him to offer physiological psychology for the first time in America. William James made arrangement for Hall to attend lectures later in an undergraduate course in physiological psychology along with Henry P. Bowditch and was credited for having established the first physiological laboratory in America. Hall was permitted to use the physiological laboratory for his research work.[br /]
[br /]
In 1872, Harvard University provided for the Ph. D. degree in the new psychology and Granville Stanley Hall was the first in the United States to receive the degree in 1878. In order to finance his studies at Harvard where he wanted to complete his Ph.D., Hall taught English at Harvard while he was employed in the department of philosophy. Hall achieved his doctorate with a dissertation on the muscular perception of space. Hall believed that through muscular sense he had uncovered the mind–matter relationship. No doubt, his theory was grounded on the doctrine of evolution. Hall argued that the psychic evolvement from a muscle to nerve fibres is due to the organic evolution of life.[br /]
[br /]
[b]His second Journey to Germany[/b][br /]
[br /]
After receiving the doctorate degree in new psychology in 1878, Hall went to Germany as per his original plans. Hall first went to Berlin where he worked with Von Kries and Kronecker. Then he went to Leipzig. There Gustav Fechner was his neighbor. He studied physiology in Ludwig’s laboratory and became Wundt’s first American student in the year of the founding of the Leipzig laboratory for experimental psychology. He began to believe that philosophy and psychology were interrelated. [br /]
[br /]
[b]Hall’s Marriage[/b][br /]
[br /]
While in Germany, Granville Stanley Hall met a young lady, Cornelia Fisher, a couple of years his junior. She was studying arts in Europe. Hall married her in the fall of 1879 in Berlin at the age of 35.[br /]
[br /]
[b]Hall at Johns Hopkins[/b][br /]
[br /]
In 1881, Hall was invited to lecture at the new University named, Johns Hopkins University. (Johns Hopkins newly found in 1876 as a graduate school). Its first president was Daniel Coit Gilman. Hall was successful in his lectures at Johns Hopkins and was given a lectureship in new psychology in 1882. The psychology lectures fructified into a three-year appointment as a lecturer in psychology and pedagogues in the department of philosophy.[br /]
[br /]
[b]Professorship[/b][br /]
[br /]
At Johns Hopkins University, Hall’s colleagues were Charles Sanders Pierce Coiner,[br /]
[br /]
the father of pragmatism and George S. Morris, a cherished friend of Hall. There was no full time professor in the department owing to the University’s inability to find one with qualified distinction. All three lecturers vied for the top position and Pierce got the assignment. However, he was not re-appointed in 1884 because of his hostile personality. Hall, then requested President Gilman to dissolve his contract if necessary. In a way Hall’s strategy worked and President Gilman announced Hall’s appointment in the spring of 1884 as the professor of psychology and pedagogy. Thus Hall at the age of 40 obtained his first permanent professional appointment and for this appointment he received a salary of $ 4,000. During his tenure at Johns Hopkins, he formed a group of young men who were later to become famous psychologists. Notable among them were John Dewey, James Mckeen Cattell, H. H. Donaldson, E. C. Sanford, Joseph Jastrow, and W. H. Burnham among others.[br /]
[br /]
In 1887, Hall founded the American Journal of Psychology, which was the first psychological journal in America. Professor Boring said, "Hall’s scientific research, including the establishment of the first American psychology laboratory demonstrated his pre-eminence in both the fields." Yet a seemingly insignificant incident occurred between Daniel Coit Gilman and Hall which Hall recounted throughout his life. Gilman prohibited Hall from offering "a course in the history of University and learned Societies." Hall firmly believed that such course was "an essential part of the work of pedagogy." But Gilman had rejected Hall’s "earnest wish."[br /]
[br /]
Hall thought Gilman’s possible lack of confidence in his ability or fear of internal criticism on part of his administration was possibly the reason. Ultimately, after leaving his Hopkins faculty position, Hall’s frustrated and repressed desire led him not only to the course’s offering at Clark University but also to do much more. [br /]
[br /]
[b]Hall at Clark University[/b][br /]
[br /]
Hall’s ambitions soared for psychology. The emphasis that he lent the discipline in the formative years contributed considerably to its development as a science. [br /]
[br /]
In 1887, Jonas Gilman Clark, a wealthy retired Massachusetts businessman, decided to start an institution in higher education at Worcester. He wanted to educate young men with advanced knowledge along the line of Harvard and the Johns Hopkins Universities. Hall was successful at Johns Hopkins but his frustrated desire led not only to the course’s offering at Clark University but also to become its first President.[br /]
[br /]
The newly opened Clark University offered graduate education in five different subjects : mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology and psychology. The faculty offered courses leading to doctorate in all five areas during the first year of the inception of the University. The authority of Clark University further authorized Hall to appoint the best of professors for various departments. Hall appointed his finest students. Sanford was appointed to direct the Clark laboratory of psychology, William Burnham to undertake educational psychology and Donaldson for physiological psychology.[br /]
[br /]
Clark University became a famous graduate school and to match up the levels of Harvard, posing stiff competition among them. Ross wrote for the faculty of Clark University as under :[br /]
[br /]
"The University opened with 18 members of faculty grade and 34 students of this group of 52 scholars, 15 had studied or taught at Johns Hopkins University, 19 had done graduate work at European Universities and 12 scholars on the faculty already held Ph. D. degrees.
As a group they were uniquely well trained for and dedicated to scientific research.[br /]
[br /]
Hall as a president continued his administrative duties as well as professorship of psychology. Moreover, he also offered educational courses and Monday evening seminars within the graduate Department of Psychology. Hall established the psychological laboratory at Clark in 1889 with E. C. Sanford as its director. Hall also appointed the noted German born American anthropologist and ethnologist Franz Boas to the department of anthropology and aimed to make it the most prestigious department of new psychology in the country. [br /]
[br /]
The American Journal of Psychology came into the picture with Hall’s initiative. In 1891, he also established the Pedagogical Seminary, now known as The Journal of Genetic Psychology. The second psychological journal in America, The American Psychological Association was planned in 1892 at a conference in Hall’s study and published later in 1893 with Hall as its first president. In 1804, he also started the Journal of Religious Psychology, which however went out of publication after a decade of circulation.[br /]
[br /]
Hall also attempted to organize an institute for child study around 1909, but due to lack of sufficient funds, Hall’s dream remained unfulfilled.[br /]
[br /]
In 1915, he established the Journal of Applied Psychology. In 1924, Hall was again elected the second time as president of the American Psychological Association.[br /]
[br /]
After a 31-year tenure as president of Clark, Hall retired from active service in 1920. In order to vindicate himself, Hall undertook the task of publishing his autobiography published as Life and Confessions of a Psychologist, in 1923. The sole purpose of bringing it out was to ventilate a "long-repressed impulse to tell the inside story of the early days at Clark University and to correct, so far as I could before I die, the long injustice to done me".[br /]
[br /]
Granville Stanley Hall died on April 24, 1924 at the age of 80, at Worcester, Massachusetts.[br /]
[br /]
[br /]
Granville Stanley Hall, the famous American Psychologist and Educator, was instrumental in introducing experimental psychology on a laboratory scale. [br /]
[br /]
He is regarded as the founder of Child Psychology and Educational psychology. A leading spirit behind the founding of the American Psychological Association, he was its first president (1892).[br /]
[br /]
He published 489 works covering major areas of psychology. He also started the American Journal of Psychology (1887). Among his works are The Contents of Children’s Minds (1883) which initiated the child-study movement in the United States; Adolescence (1904), Educational Problems (1911), Jesus, the Christ, in the light of Psychology (1917) and his Autobiography (1923).[br /]
[br /]
He also did much to direct and wade into the psychological currents of his time along with the revolutionary and path breaking ideas of Charles Darwin, Sigmund Freud and others.[br /]
[br /]
[br /]
[br /]
He is regarded as the founder of Child Psychology and Educational psychology. A leading spirit behind the founding of the American Psychological Association, he was its first president (1892).[br /]
[br /]
He published 489 works covering major areas of psychology. He also started the American Journal of Psychology (1887). Among his works are The Contents of Children’s Minds (1883) which initiated the child-study movement in the United States; Adolescence (1904), Educational Problems (1911), Jesus, the Christ, in the light of Psychology (1917) and his Autobiography (1923).[br /]
[br /]
He also did much to direct and wade into the psychological currents of his time along with the revolutionary and path breaking ideas of Charles Darwin, Sigmund Freud and others.[br /]
[br /]
[br /]
[b]February 1, 1844[/b] Hall was born at Ashfield, Massachusetts, U.S.A.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1863[/b] He entered the philosophy course at Williams College.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1863-1867[/b] He completed his B. A. (Baccalaureate) degree from Williams College.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1868[/b] He traveled to Germany and studied philosophy at the University of Berlin.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1872-1876[/b] Academic appointment at Antioch College.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1876-1878[/b] Hall entered Harvard University and two years later completed the first American doctorate in psychology under William James.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1878[/b] Left for Germany again to pursue psychological studies.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1880[/b] He was invited by President Charles W. Eliot to give a series of lectures at Harvard on education in 1880.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1880-1881[/b] Hall was appointed lecturer at Harvard University and later at Williams College.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1881[/b] Publication of Hall’s Aspects of German Culture.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1882[/b] He organized at Johns Hopkins a Psychological Laboratory.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1883[/b] He published The Content of Children’s Minds. He published The study of Children.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1882-1888[/b] Became lecturer and professor of Psychology and Pedagogy at John Hopkins University.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1884[/b] Appointed as the first professor of Psychology and Pedagogy at Johns.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1887[/b] He founded the American Journal of Psychology.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1888[/b] He established the Child Study Association of America.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1889-1920[/b] He was first president of Clark University.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1891[/b] He was one of the organizers of the American Psychological Association.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1892[/b] He was the first president of American Psychological Association.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1893[/b] He founded the Journal of Genetic Psychology.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1904[/b] Adolescence, its psychology and its relation to Physiology, Anthropology, Sociology, Sex, Crime, Religion and Education published by Hall.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1906[/b] Publication on Youth : Its Education, Religion and Hygiene.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1911[/b] His publication on Educational Problems.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1912[/b] His publication on Founders of Modern Psychology.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1917[/b] His publication on Jesus the Christ in the Light of Psychology.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1920-1924[/b] He became the President Emeritus, Clark University.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1920[/b] Publication on Morale and Recreations of a Psychologist.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1922[/b] Publication on Senescence : The Last Half of Life.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1923[/b] Autobiographical publication on Life and Confessions of a Psychologist.[br /]
[br /]
[b]April 24, 1924[/b] Hall died at Worcester, M. A. and was buried at Ashfield, his place of birth.[br /]
[br /]
[br /]
[br /]
[b]1863[/b] He entered the philosophy course at Williams College.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1863-1867[/b] He completed his B. A. (Baccalaureate) degree from Williams College.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1868[/b] He traveled to Germany and studied philosophy at the University of Berlin.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1872-1876[/b] Academic appointment at Antioch College.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1876-1878[/b] Hall entered Harvard University and two years later completed the first American doctorate in psychology under William James.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1878[/b] Left for Germany again to pursue psychological studies.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1880[/b] He was invited by President Charles W. Eliot to give a series of lectures at Harvard on education in 1880.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1880-1881[/b] Hall was appointed lecturer at Harvard University and later at Williams College.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1881[/b] Publication of Hall’s Aspects of German Culture.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1882[/b] He organized at Johns Hopkins a Psychological Laboratory.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1883[/b] He published The Content of Children’s Minds. He published The study of Children.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1882-1888[/b] Became lecturer and professor of Psychology and Pedagogy at John Hopkins University.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1884[/b] Appointed as the first professor of Psychology and Pedagogy at Johns.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1887[/b] He founded the American Journal of Psychology.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1888[/b] He established the Child Study Association of America.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1889-1920[/b] He was first president of Clark University.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1891[/b] He was one of the organizers of the American Psychological Association.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1892[/b] He was the first president of American Psychological Association.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1893[/b] He founded the Journal of Genetic Psychology.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1904[/b] Adolescence, its psychology and its relation to Physiology, Anthropology, Sociology, Sex, Crime, Religion and Education published by Hall.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1906[/b] Publication on Youth : Its Education, Religion and Hygiene.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1911[/b] His publication on Educational Problems.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1912[/b] His publication on Founders of Modern Psychology.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1917[/b] His publication on Jesus the Christ in the Light of Psychology.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1920-1924[/b] He became the President Emeritus, Clark University.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1920[/b] Publication on Morale and Recreations of a Psychologist.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1922[/b] Publication on Senescence : The Last Half of Life.[br /]
[br /]
[b]1923[/b] Autobiographical publication on Life and Confessions of a Psychologist.[br /]
[br /]
[b]April 24, 1924[/b] Hall died at Worcester, M. A. and was buried at Ashfield, his place of birth.[br /]
[br /]
[br /]
• [b]Hall’s Desire[/b][br /]
To my mind there should always be a specialist here [Clark University] and in every institution in what may be called the pedagogy and in academic history, whose business it is to keep to all that is doing in academic life world over.[br /]
[br /]
• [b]Men and Women[/b][br /]
Every theory of love, from Plato down teaches that each individual loves in the other sex what he lacks in himself.[br /]
[br /]
• [b]On Higher Education[/b][br /]
The time is at hand when University rectories, presidencies, chancellorships or whatever their name, can no longer be filled by any professor or even outsiders who can secure election, but will require men who, whatever else they are or know, are experts in the history of higher culture and its institutions.[br /]
[br /]
• [b]On Women[/b][br /]
Women have acquitted themselves quite as well as if not, on the whole, a trifle better than the young man, even in research. They are extremely conscious, open-minded to suggestions assiduous workers, good critics, perhaps a trifle more influenced by personalities but always able to hold their own in seminary discussions.[br /]
[br /]
• [b]On German Students :[/b][br /]
My own German students have been excelled by no other class. In preparatory training, in insight, power to think coherently and to carry out studies to their practical conclusion, they are not surpassed.[br /]
[br /]
• [b]On Women Admission :[/b][br /]
Women students who came here do have a certain handicap in that they have to be passed on individually by a committee of trustees and there is a disposition to limit their numbers and I have sometimes thought not to advance them up the fellowship quite as readily as men. Personally, I very strongly wish that there was absolutely no dissemination and indeed it is not very much felt.[br /]
[br /]
[br /]
To my mind there should always be a specialist here [Clark University] and in every institution in what may be called the pedagogy and in academic history, whose business it is to keep to all that is doing in academic life world over.[br /]
[br /]
• [b]Men and Women[/b][br /]
Every theory of love, from Plato down teaches that each individual loves in the other sex what he lacks in himself.[br /]
[br /]
• [b]On Higher Education[/b][br /]
The time is at hand when University rectories, presidencies, chancellorships or whatever their name, can no longer be filled by any professor or even outsiders who can secure election, but will require men who, whatever else they are or know, are experts in the history of higher culture and its institutions.[br /]
[br /]
• [b]On Women[/b][br /]
Women have acquitted themselves quite as well as if not, on the whole, a trifle better than the young man, even in research. They are extremely conscious, open-minded to suggestions assiduous workers, good critics, perhaps a trifle more influenced by personalities but always able to hold their own in seminary discussions.[br /]
[br /]
• [b]On German Students :[/b][br /]
My own German students have been excelled by no other class. In preparatory training, in insight, power to think coherently and to carry out studies to their practical conclusion, they are not surpassed.[br /]
[br /]
• [b]On Women Admission :[/b][br /]
Women students who came here do have a certain handicap in that they have to be passed on individually by a committee of trustees and there is a disposition to limit their numbers and I have sometimes thought not to advance them up the fellowship quite as readily as men. Personally, I very strongly wish that there was absolutely no dissemination and indeed it is not very much felt.[br /]
[br /]
[br /]
Hall, as a psychologist and an educationist gave early impetus and direction towards the development of psychology, in the United States. Moreover, he is regarded as the founder of [b]child psychology[/b] and [b]educational psychology[/b].[br /]
[br /]
At first, he shone neither in scholastics nor in the social circuit. A country boy, he was the only one in his community to join college. At the time of his graduation he had won a number of scholastic honors. He also was enthusiastic in his approach towards philosophy, particularly about John Stuart Mill who was his favorite teacher. He was also feted for the theory of evolution, which he put forth.[br /]
[br /]
Hall resigned from his post as lecturer at Antioch in 1876 and proceeded to Germany for further study in philosophy and physiological psychology. Here, he made acquaintance with Wilhelm Wundt and the famous German physicist Hermann Von Helmholtz.[br /]
[br /]
While studying at Leipzig and Berlin, he discovered the value of the Questionnaire method for psychological and educational research. Later, he and his students would devise and design more than 190 questionnaires, which were largely instrumental in stimulating the upsurge of interest in the study of child psychology and the study of the higher educational problems of his time in society.[br /]
[br /]
When he returned to the United States in 1878, Hall received from Harvard, the first doctorate in psychology. In 1888, he helped establish Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts. Hall as the Clark University’s president and professor of psychology, became a major force in shaping the future of developing experimental psychology into a popular science. Hall was a great teacher and inspired research that entered deep into the realms of psychology. By 1893, Hall’s students were awarded 11 of the 14 doctorates in psychology granted in the United States then. Hall played a major role in launching all graduate research–oriented programs at Clark University under his presidency. He also advocated [b]New University Movement[/b] through numerous articles and speeches.[br /]
[br /]
A review of Hall’s actions about his students in general and higher education students in particular provides a more accurate picture. Hall’s most significant achievement is arguably his influence on students. He guided 110 doctoral and 81 masters’ degree candidates in psychology and education, and 10 in pedagogy, who completed dissertations or researches on higher education topics. [br /]
[br /]
Hall’s Record of Firsts[br /]
[br /]
1. He was the first to receive the doctorate in philosophy[br /]
from Harvard University at the age of 34. (1878)[br /]
[br /]
2. He was the first American student at the first [br /]
officially accepted psychological laboratory during his stay at Leipzig, Germany. (1879) [br /]
[br /]
3. He was the first to establish a psychologically[br /]
specific laboratory at Johns Hopkins in the United States. At that time William James laboratory was functioning under the banner of physiology laboratory.[br /]
[br /]
4. He launched the first psychological journal in [br /]
English Language – The American Journal of Psychology. (1887)[br /]
[br /]
5. He was the first President of Clark University. (1888)[br /]
[br /]
6. He was the first President of the American Psychological Association[br /]
[br /]
7. He was the first to introduce Questionnaire method for research work in
United States.[br /]
[br /]
8. Hall was the first officially acknowledged professor of psychology. (1884)[br /]
[br /]
9. Hall was the first psychologist to introduce the first course on College and[br /]
University Problems in the United States and Europe at Clark University. (1893-1894)[br /]
[br /]
Perhaps Hall’s greatest achievement was in throwing open graduate studies for minority students. He was interested in students from abroad, particularly Japan and China. During 1906-1907, Hikozo Kakise, one of the students from Tokyo University of Japan, became the first Asian University fellow to study psychology doctorate and achieving four masters’ degrees. Soon thereafter, Hall enrolled African Americans in the University. The first African–American College student at Clark University was Louis C. Tyree from Indiana. He enrolled in 1909 and received his BA degree in 1912. The first African American to complete a doctorate in psychology was Francis Cecil Summer. Formerly, he completed his BA and MA from Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and then he entered Clark University in 1917. He was a Clark University fellow for two years and took his doctorate in 1920, under Hall’s guidance. His dissertation subject was The Psychoanalysis of Freud and Adler.[br /]
[br /]
There were several students who made their career at Clark University and who contributed greatly to the field, leaving behind a significant legacy. [br /]
[br /]
[br /]
[br /]
At first, he shone neither in scholastics nor in the social circuit. A country boy, he was the only one in his community to join college. At the time of his graduation he had won a number of scholastic honors. He also was enthusiastic in his approach towards philosophy, particularly about John Stuart Mill who was his favorite teacher. He was also feted for the theory of evolution, which he put forth.[br /]
[br /]
Hall resigned from his post as lecturer at Antioch in 1876 and proceeded to Germany for further study in philosophy and physiological psychology. Here, he made acquaintance with Wilhelm Wundt and the famous German physicist Hermann Von Helmholtz.[br /]
[br /]
While studying at Leipzig and Berlin, he discovered the value of the Questionnaire method for psychological and educational research. Later, he and his students would devise and design more than 190 questionnaires, which were largely instrumental in stimulating the upsurge of interest in the study of child psychology and the study of the higher educational problems of his time in society.[br /]
[br /]
When he returned to the United States in 1878, Hall received from Harvard, the first doctorate in psychology. In 1888, he helped establish Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts. Hall as the Clark University’s president and professor of psychology, became a major force in shaping the future of developing experimental psychology into a popular science. Hall was a great teacher and inspired research that entered deep into the realms of psychology. By 1893, Hall’s students were awarded 11 of the 14 doctorates in psychology granted in the United States then. Hall played a major role in launching all graduate research–oriented programs at Clark University under his presidency. He also advocated [b]New University Movement[/b] through numerous articles and speeches.[br /]
[br /]
A review of Hall’s actions about his students in general and higher education students in particular provides a more accurate picture. Hall’s most significant achievement is arguably his influence on students. He guided 110 doctoral and 81 masters’ degree candidates in psychology and education, and 10 in pedagogy, who completed dissertations or researches on higher education topics. [br /]
[br /]
Hall’s Record of Firsts[br /]
[br /]
1. He was the first to receive the doctorate in philosophy[br /]
from Harvard University at the age of 34. (1878)[br /]
[br /]
2. He was the first American student at the first [br /]
officially accepted psychological laboratory during his stay at Leipzig, Germany. (1879) [br /]
[br /]
3. He was the first to establish a psychologically[br /]
specific laboratory at Johns Hopkins in the United States. At that time William James laboratory was functioning under the banner of physiology laboratory.[br /]
[br /]
4. He launched the first psychological journal in [br /]
English Language – The American Journal of Psychology. (1887)[br /]
[br /]
5. He was the first President of Clark University. (1888)[br /]
[br /]
6. He was the first President of the American Psychological Association[br /]
[br /]
7. He was the first to introduce Questionnaire method for research work in
United States.[br /]
[br /]
8. Hall was the first officially acknowledged professor of psychology. (1884)[br /]
[br /]
9. Hall was the first psychologist to introduce the first course on College and[br /]
University Problems in the United States and Europe at Clark University. (1893-1894)[br /]
[br /]
Perhaps Hall’s greatest achievement was in throwing open graduate studies for minority students. He was interested in students from abroad, particularly Japan and China. During 1906-1907, Hikozo Kakise, one of the students from Tokyo University of Japan, became the first Asian University fellow to study psychology doctorate and achieving four masters’ degrees. Soon thereafter, Hall enrolled African Americans in the University. The first African–American College student at Clark University was Louis C. Tyree from Indiana. He enrolled in 1909 and received his BA degree in 1912. The first African American to complete a doctorate in psychology was Francis Cecil Summer. Formerly, he completed his BA and MA from Lincoln University in Pennsylvania and then he entered Clark University in 1917. He was a Clark University fellow for two years and took his doctorate in 1920, under Hall’s guidance. His dissertation subject was The Psychoanalysis of Freud and Adler.[br /]
[br /]
There were several students who made their career at Clark University and who contributed greatly to the field, leaving behind a significant legacy. [br /]
[br /]
[br /]
